![]() Of far greater significance was the migration resulting from the construction of transportation infrastructures and related changes in the agrarian economy. Migration induced by war was however incidental during the first century of Dutch colonial rule, hence it did not have the greatest influence on the spread of pencak silat. One school in Sulawesi still uses the name of its forebear: 'Perguruan Satria Kiai Maja'. It is said that Kiai Maja left behind a specific brand of self-defence, which is today known as pencak silat Tondano. Some of them married local women, giving rise to a particular ethnic group known as Jaton (Java Tondano). Kiai Maja and his followers lived in Tondano, until their deaths. These migrations frequently involved an element of force, such as the exile of Kiai Maja a bodyguard to Prince Diponegoro from Java to Tondano, North Sulawesi, after the Dutch government put a stop to the bloody war in Central Java between 18. ![]() Pencak Silat as an Instrument of Social ControlĪt the beginning of the colonial period, pencak silat continued to expand to all outlying areas of the archipelago, as a result of greater, large-scale mobility of the people.
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